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Artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs) are now generally accepted as the best treatments for uncomplicated falciparum malaria. They are rapidly and reliably effective. Efficacy is determined by the drug partnering the artemisinin derivative and, for artesunate-mefloquine, artemether-lumefantrine, and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, this usually exceeds 95%. Artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artesunate-amodiaquine are effective in some areas, but in other areas resistance to the partner precludes their use. There is still uncertainty over the safety of artemisinin derivatives in the first trimester of pregnancy, when they should not be used unless there are no effective alternatives. Otherwise, except for occasional hypersensitivity reactions, the artemisinin derivatives are safe and remarkably well tolerated. The adverse effect profiles of the artemisinin-based combination treatments are determined by the partner drug. Most malaria endemic countries have now adopted artemisinin-based combination treatments as first-line treatment of falciparum malaria, but in most of these only a minority of the patients that need artemisinin-based combination treatments actually receive them.

Original publication

DOI

10.4269/ajtmh.2007.77.181

Type

Journal article

Journal

The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene

Publication Date

12/2007

Volume

77

Pages

181 - 192

Addresses

Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand. SMRU@tropmedres.ac

Keywords

Animals, Humans, Plasmodium falciparum, Malaria, Falciparum, Artemisinins, Antimalarials, Drug Therapy, Combination, Pregnancy, Child, Female