BackgroundBangladesh has a high rate of snakebite. In rural areas, there is a significant mortality and morbidity rate due to lack of awareness and inappropriate first aid practices. This study aims to determine the knowledge and practices of the rural population in two subdistricts of Bangladesh regarding snakebite prevention and first aid measures.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey is part of an intervention study that was carried out in 250 randomly selected primary sampling units of Shibganj in the Chapainawabganj district and Kalapara in the Patuakhali district of Bangladesh. We enrolled a total of 2954 participants. The practice and knowledge were regarded adequate when the score exceeded 50%. We conducted a binomial logistic regression to identify the factors associated with inadequate knowledge and practice.ResultsThe community's knowledge (15.9%) and practice (14.5%) regarding snakebite prevention was insufficient. More than 77% and 45.4% of respondents believed that applying a tourniquet above the bite site and seeking a traditional healer after a snakebite were effective first aid measures. Poor knowledge was more likely to occur in farming, fishing, homemaker groups and those with lower incomes (11 000-24 000 Bangladeshi taka). Negative practices were associated with females and high family income.ConclusionsThis study highlights the necessity of community intervention, with a focus on appropriate first aid and prevention measures through widespread education.