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\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 05/02/2019. In this study, the WWARN K13 genotype-phenotype Study Group gathered 18 studies from Africa and Asia to explore the relationships between identified Kelch 13 mutant alleles and delayed parasite clearance. Results show one P. falciparum specific mutant and 20 pfk13 propeller region mutant alleles strongly associated with the slow clearance phenotype, including 15 mutations that have not been confirmed before. It was reassuring that no pfk13 alleles associated with slow parasite clearance were observed in the parasites from African studies gathered between 2000-2017.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 05/04/2019. Until World War II the only Plasmodium vivax malaria generally recognised had either a long (8\u20139 months) incubation period or a similarly long interval between initial illness and the first relapse. Long-latency P. vivax \u2018strains\u2019 were the first in which relapse, drug resistance and liver stage development were described, yet in recent years they have been largely forgotten.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MOCRU\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n \n \n SMRU\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 17/04/2018. This new Lancet malaria seminar, by Elizabeth Ashley and Charlie Woodrow, is one of a series of clinically focused, structured, up-to-date reviews which are grouped together in The Lancet Clinic with other relevant content. The aim of the seminars is to give a comprehensive overview of diseases to practising clinicians, emphasising recent advances, controversies and uncertainties.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 29/03/2018. This randomised controlled trial, by Katherine Plewes and colleagues, of acetaminophen (paracetamol) in Bangladeshi patients with severe and moderately severe malaria shows that acetaminophen reduces kidney dysfunction and risk of developing acute kidney injury, particularly in patients with significant haemolysis. This proof-of-principle study supports the underlying hypothesis that acetaminophen inhibits cell-free haemoglobin-mediated oxidative kidney damage.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 06/03/2018. Primaquine is being promoted actively to block the transmission of falciparum malaria parasites between humans and mosquitoes to reduce the spread of highly resistant malaria \u2018superbugs.\u2019 In response, Bob Taylor and colleagues developed a primaquine dosing scheme based on age. This will be useful where there are no functioning weighing scales and when primaquine mass drug treatment will be given.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n LOMWRU\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 21/11/2017. Scrub typhus is a serious mite-transmitted and difficult-to-diagnose infectious disease increasingly recognised as a major treatable cause of febrile illnesses with a wider distribution beyond Asia. Despite many limitations on the amount and quality of available reports to date, scrub typhus remains a severely underappreciated tropical disease, deserving more attention.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 13/11/2018. Quinoline and related antimalarial drugs are vital tools in the fight against malaria. However, concerns about their possible effects on the heart rhythm may limit their use. Dr Ilsa Haeusler, Dr Xin Hui Chan, and colleagues found that these serious side effects are reassuringly rare in the treatment of malaria
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 06/11/18, review by Professor Nick White. Malaria, a parasitic infection of red blood cells, is a leading cause of anaemia in the tropics. Where malaria transmission is intense patients, typically children, may die from severe anaemia. However when falciparum malaria causes other vital organs to fail, moderate anaemia appears to protect against death.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 10/10/2018. Community volunteers are used to deliver a number of healthcare interventions. Although these volunteers are not paid, their time still has an economic value, known as an opportunity cost. Dr Hugo Turner and colleagues found that this economic value is significant for mass drug administration programs: for the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control alone it would be valued at US$60-90 million.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 18/09/2018. Let by Professor Yoel Lubell, researchers from MORU and IDDO estimated the economic costs of AMR associated with the consumption of a range of antibiotic classes in high and lower-middle income countries. These estimates are essential for economic evaluations of interventions that affect antibiotic consumption to reflect the full costs and benefits of their use.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 04/09/2018. DHA-piperaquine is an important antimalarial recommended by the WHO for the treatment of malaria, and an ideal candidate for mass use in malaria elimination. In a large meta-analysis of ~200,000 subjects, Dr Xin Hui Chan and colleagues find the risk of sudden unexplained death after DHA-piperaquine is extremely low and not higher than baseline, confirming the drug\u2019s safety for the treatment and prevention of malaria.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 24/07/18. A study from Bangkok by Professor Wirichada Pan-Ngum and colleagues shows accessing households for proper spraying was a problem for control dengue outbreaks. In addition, inefficient communications among the sectors from hospital to district offices led to inaccurate or missing patient addresses for spraying. Involving community networks help to improve public engagement with and participation in the programmes.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 17/07/2018. This paper by Professor Stuart Blacksell and colleagues describes the first update to the WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual in 15 years. The need to update international lab biosafety guidance is part of a broader initiative to globalize biosafety, emphasizing principles and approaches that are accessible to countries spanning a broad range of financial, technical and regulatory resources.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n \n \n SMRU\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 03/07/2018. Chloroquine, the recommended treatment for vivax malaria, delays but does not prevent relapses. Primaquine is the only widely available drug that prevents relapses but it can induce haemolysis in patients with G6PD deficiency. Cindy Chu and colleagues showed that added to chloroquine, primaquine is very effective for relapse prevention, but should be used alongside quantitative G6PD testing.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 27/06/2018. Current recommended treatment regimens for the most widely used medicine for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria may be sub-optimal for small children and pregnant women according to a study led by Professor Joel Tarning.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 15/05/2018. Kartika Karaswati, Stuart Blacksell and colleagues reviewed the diagnostic accuracy of the available scrub typhus point-of-care tests, feasible to be used in resource limited settings. Although the available evidence is varied in methodology and quality, POCTs appear to have low false positive rates, thus confidence in interpreting a positive result can be high.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 08/05/2018. Is it ethical to withhold a recommended treatment from a patient in clinical trial? In this paper we evaluate whether exchanging placebo for an active drug is ethical. We use the example of a randomised control trial of primaquine to determine its anti-relapse efficacy against vivax malaria and conclude that in some cases a placebo arm is imperative.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MOCRU\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 10/04/2018. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to public health. A new report by Elizabeth Ashley and colleagues describes the role of supranational networks in AMR surveillance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); Liz Ashley and colleagues analysed networks that were in existence between January 2000 and August 2017. This study reveals the challenges of establishing sustainable and effective networks to tackle resistance to antimicrobial medicines.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 20/03/2018. A clinical trial in Cambodia evaluated the safety and effectiveness of mass drug administration (MDA) to interrupt multi-drug resistant falciparum malaria. Coverage with at least one round was 88%, no severe adverse events were reported, and MDA was associated with the absence of clinical P. falciparum cases for at least one year.
\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n MORU Bangkok\n \n \n\n \n\n\n
\n \n \n \nPosted 14/03/2018. Blood from patients treated with ivermectin can kill mosquitos. Our results indicate that ivermectin mass drug administration to humans could be a potential malaria control tool to aid malaria elimination efforts in South America.
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