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BackgroundThe heterogeneity of malaria transmission makes widespread elimination a difficult goal to achieve. Most of the current vector control measures insufficiently target outdoor transmission. Also, insecticide resistance threatens to diminish the efficacy of the most prevalent measures, indoor residual spray and insecticide treated nets. Innovative approaches are needed. The use of endectocides, such as ivermectin, could be an important new addition to the toolbox of anti-malarial measures. Ivermectin effectively targets outdoor transmission, has a novel mechanism of action that could circumvent resistance and might be distributed over the channels already in place for the control of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis.MethodsThe previous works involving ivermectin and Anopheles vectors are reviewed and summarized. A review of ivermectin's safety profile is also provided. Finally three definitive clinical trials are described in detail and proposed as the evidence needed for implementation. Several smaller and specific supportive studies are also proposed.ConclusionsThe use of ivermectin solves many challenges identified for future vector control strategies. It is an effective and safe endectocide that was approved for human use more than 25 years ago. Recent studies suggest it might become an effective and complementary strategy in malaria elimination and eradication efforts; however, intensive research will be needed to make this a reality.

Original publication

DOI

10.1186/1475-2875-12-153

Type

Journal article

Journal

Malaria journal

Publication Date

05/2013

Volume

12

Addresses

Internal Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Av, Pio XII 36, Pamplona 31008, Spain. cchaccour@unav.es

Keywords

Animals, Humans, Anopheles, Malaria, Ivermectin, Antiparasitic Agents, Insecticides, Mosquito Control, Clinical Trials as Topic