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African swine fever (ASF) has spread to many countries in Africa, Europe and Asia in the past decades. However, the potential geographic extent of ASF infection is unknown. Here we combined a modeling framework with the assembled contemporary records of ASF cases and multiple covariates to predict the risk distribution of ASF at a global scale. Local spatial variations in ASF risk derived from domestic pigs is influenced strongly by livestock factors, while the risk of having ASF in wild boars is mainly associated with natural habitat covariates. The risk maps show that ASF is to be ubiquitous in many areas, with a higher risk in areas in the northern hemisphere. Nearly half of the world's domestic pigs (1.388 billion) are in the high-risk zones. Our results provide a better understanding of the potential distribution beyond the current geographical scope of the disease.

Original publication

DOI

10.1371/journal.pone.0267128

Type

Journal article

Journal

PloS one

Publication Date

01/2022

Volume

17

Addresses

Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Keywords

Animals, Swine, Sus scrofa, African Swine Fever Virus, African Swine Fever, Risk Factors, Disease Outbreaks, Europe